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[hal-04271386] Discrimination against people with mental, physical or visual disabilities in the French rental housing market: field experiment
We implement correspondence testing to detect and assess the extent of discrimination against people with disabilities in the French rental housing market. By sending 1,750 emails in a matched-pair procedure, we provide evidence of significant and extensive discrimination against blind people with a guide dog, individuals with mental disabilities, and individuals with motor impairments in the process of rented housing allocation. However, the primary cause of discrimination against blind individuals appears to stem from the presence of the guide dog, rather than the disability itself. Our results are also consistent with the presence of statistical discrimination (particularly based on financial means). We find that absolute discrimination against disabled applicants increases in accordance with the level of rent, while real estate agents discriminate significantly less against disabled applicants than private landlords.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexandre Flage) 06 Nov 2023
https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-04271386v1
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[hal-05110567] Why do we keep killing crows? Farmers’ attachment to a controversial method in an attempt to protect their crops
Corvids are responsible for important damage to spring crops across western Switzerland and have become a significant concern for the farming community. Various prevention methods have been tested to reduce agricultural losses, but no suitable solution has been found. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Swiss farming community is asking the authorities, despite its relative unpopularity, to liberalize control shooting. However, the effectiveness of this control method has never been scientifically proven, and the few studies in ecology or conservation biology that question its efficiency are not considered by the farming community. This raises the question of why the attachment to an uncertain and controversial method is so strong. By bringing out the farming community's dominant representation of the problem of corvid damage and analyzing the stakeholder network dynamics, this article aims to highlight the social logics and multifactorial dimension of choosing a control method. We found that the fight against corvid damage is part of a more general conflict that pits the farming community against the rest of society on issues of ecology and production. Various social, cultural and cognitive logics lead the farming community to remain attached to control shooting, making a cognitive gamble that has no solid scientific basis. To succeed in getting farmers to abandon control shooting, three conditions must be met: the emergence of a replacement innovation, awareness of the negative practical, economic and ethical aspects of control shooting, and improved access to scientific knowledge on the subject in the farming world.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Juliette Craplet) 13 Jun 2025
https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-05110567v1
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[hal-05175451] La comptabilité agricole : un savoir gestionnaire détourné au profit d’une agriculture paysanne
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florian Sanguinet) 22 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05175451v1
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[hal-05162320] Quand la transition écologique redéfinit le travail : transformation des conditions de travail et impacts sur la santé des exploitant·e·s
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Delphine Thivet) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05162320v1
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[hal-05158840] Modéliser pour écologiser. Configurations sociotechniques et devenir-algorithme des experts agronomes
Modéliser pour écologiser. Configurations sociotechniques et devenir-algorithme des experts agronomes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Victoria Brun) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05158840v1
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[hal-05191851] Decoding France’s food environment combining data bases to characterize the food environment in France
The dataset presented here draws on several French institutional database sources. The aim is to develop a nationwide database of food outlet locations that can be automatically enriched and updated with a high level of reliability. To this end, we created a flexible and dynamic Python script that can be widely utilized by a maximum of users. Data can be updated either on a daily basis to create a series of files within a limited timeframe, or on a monthly basis to reflect updates to the SIRENE 3.11 database of the national statistical institute INSEE. Starting from SIRENE 3.11, we enriched the data using the Alim’ Confiance (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Les Professionnels Engagés en Bio (organic farmers) databases. We were also able to enhance the accuracy of food environment description by identifying food outlets currently closed, exploiting the BODACC (official trade bulletin) database with its almost daily updating. These data provide valuable support for studies on the food environment at both macro and micro levels. The database’s wide range of scales makes it possible to map food sales and distribution outlets, a prerequisite to any investigation of food environments in a given territory.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin Creurer) 29 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05191851v1
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[hal-05183738] Elevage : un travail passion débordé par le changement climatique
Souvent inscrit dans une trajectoire familiale, le métier d’éleveur de bovins est choisi par passion (Jacques-Jouvenot, 2014). Il est majoritairement exercé par des « chefs d’exploitation », apparentant l’activité aux travailleurs indépendants et associé à une grande autonomie. Or le travail y est mis à l’épreuve d’un jeu de contraintes multiples : politique agricole commune, règles d’installation, volatilité des marchés, critique sociétale. Par ailleurs, soumise aux astreintes quotidiennes (alimentation, traite) ou périodiques (période des mises bas, cultures et récoltes), la durée de travail hebdomadaire atteint en moyenne de 61 heures/ semaine (Midler et al., 2019). A ces contraintes fortes, s’en ajoute une autre, première, qui caractérise la plupart des métiers agricoles : les conditions météorologiques et climatiques pèsent très fortement sur le bon déroulement des activités comme sur le niveau de production de l’exploitation. Cette communication s’emploiera à monter la façon dont le changement climatique, notamment dans ses événements extrêmes (pluies ou sécheresses prolongées), affecte le travail au quotidien et le sens du métier d’éleveur. Elle repose sur 40 entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d’éleveurs français spécialisés bovins-lait et bovins-viande en Bourgogne Franche Comté. Ainsi, le changement climatique repousse davantage les limites du travail d’élevage : l’amour du travail suffit-il ? Il interroge les éleveurs sur le sens de leur métier à la fois en termes de « contexte » et de « perspective directionnelle » (Spoljar, Dupré, Depoudent, 2024). Trouveront-ils les ressources cognitives et matérielles pour s'adapter à des contextes de travail changeants voire éprouvants ? Pourront-ils se projeter dans leur activité alors que les conditions de travail deviennent incertaines ?
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucie Dupre) 24 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05183738v1
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[hal-05142965] Vers une base de données spatialisées nationale de l'offre commerciale alimentaire en France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Simon Vonthron) 03 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05142965v1
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[hal-05174910] « Si vraiment j’avais un objectif environnemental je serais passé au bio ». Ethnocomptabilité d'une écologisation agricole ordinaire
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florian Sanguinet) 21 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05174910v1
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[hal-05164665] Estimation of spatial panel data models with random effects using Laplace approximation methods
This paper proposes using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLAs), a full Bayesian approach, for estimating spatial panel data models with random effects. These models encompass Anselin's model, Kapoor's model and the generalised spatial random effects model. We show that a spatial autoregressive process in the error terms is a special case of Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs), thereby reducing computational costs. The computational benefit is further enhanced through the use of INLAs to compute the posterior marginals of model parameters. Finite sample properties of the INLA-GMRF approach are assessed through comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations. We also compare its computational efficiency with classic estimation methods. Finally, we demonstrate this approach with an empirical study on renewable energy production in China.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yuheng Ling) 16 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05164665v1
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[hal-05164621] Valuing habitat provision and aesthetic ecosystem services in built environments: landscape visibility and connectivity indicators in a choice experiment study
This paper aims to value habitat provision and aesthetic ecosystem services and to study the compatibility of these seemingly unrelated services in greater depth and more systematically than is often the case. We use landscape visibility metrics and indicators as common inputs for both valuations. To better understand the origin of public preferences for urban landscape and to provide meaningful valuation for landscape planning policy, we integrate visual and ecological indicators in a choice experiment study. Our methodology is applied to the landscape of C & ocirc;te-d'Or in France. Mixed logit models are employed to incorporate random taste heterogeneity. By placing landscape ecology metrics at the heart of the stated preference framework, this article seeks to bridge the gap between landscape ecology and non-market valuation, with an eye to promoting ecological services rendered by urban landscapes while maximising social welfare.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thao Pham) 16 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05164621v1
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[hal-05164552] The social stratification of homeowners’ housing wealth: Bringing a dynamic approach through the price gap index
The spatio-temporal variation of housing prices is central to unveiling the distribution of housing wealth (HW) across social groups. This paper presents a price decomposition framework to analyze the social differentiation of HW in terms of housing characteristics, location, and transaction date across labor-based occupational categories (OCs) of homeowners. Beyond variegated housing prices and capital gains, we highlight the importance of the concept of Price Gap Index (PGI)—the difference between average buyer and seller prices for each OC—to capture the redistribution of HW induced by housing transactions. Using data over two decades (1998–2017) for the French region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté , we find that static HW differences reflect the usual social hierarchy of the labor market. However, the PGI from a dynamic decomposition shows more regressive results of HW accumulation across OCs than the capital gains computed from the usual housing price index over time. These results confirm that spatial dynamics in the housing markets are an important generator of inequality, acting through the redistribution of HW during housing transactions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Sauveur Ay) 16 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05164552v1
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[hal-05055186] Zones à faibles émissions : au-delà de verdir l’automobile, un levier vers les mobilités durables
Les zones à faibles émissions (ZFE) cristallisent la controverse en France, alors que leur suspension est discutée à l’Assemblée nationale. Souvent présentées comme un outil permettant de verdir le parc automobile, potentiellement aux dépens des populations défavorisées résidant en périphérie, elles sont avant tout un levier permettant le développement des mobilités durables. Une étude récente menée dans l’agglomération grenobloise montre que la frange de la population impactée sans alternative est très faible et qu’elle pourrait bénéficier de mesures d’accompagnement ciblées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sandrine Mathy) 04 May 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05055186v1
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[hal-05164586] Impact of migration status on employment quality: causal empirical evidence for Tunisian migrants
This article examines the causal impact of migration status on employment quality among Tunisian migrants, focusing on those who migrated after the 2011 revolution, a period characterized by both intensified migration flows and a transformation in the profile of migrants, driven by political and economic shifts. Using data from Tunisia's first national survey on international migration, an endogenous treatment effects model addresses the endogeneity between migration status and employment quality, which is measured through a comprehensive composite indicator covering aspects such as social protections, access to health insurance, paid leave, and retirement benefits. The results indicate that irregular migration significantly reduces the quality of employment compared to regular or binational migration. Irregular migrants face greater challenges in securing benefits such as health coverage and retirement plans. However, the impact is heterogeneous and varies notably by host country, with irregular migrants in France, the main destination country of Tunisian migrants, experiencing somewhat better outcomes than those in other countries. The findings highlight the need for policy interventions to improve regularization pathways and migrant employment conditions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Fares Ben Youssef) 16 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05164586v1
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[hal-05053988] Insights into the biotic factors driving the outcome of coalescence events between soil bacterial communities
Coalescence events, which consist in the mixing of previously separated communities, are frequent in nature or as a result of human activities. Despite recently gaining attention as a tool to test ecological theories and engineer microbial communities, little is known about the factors that influence the outcome of such coalescence events. Here, we evaluated the relative importance of three community properties—namely, diversity, composition, and density—in determining coalescence outcome and biotic interactions among members of the coalescing bacterial communities. We found that manipulation of the density and composition of soil bacterial community resulted in the largest shifts in the structure of the resulting coalesced communities, explaining 24.7% and 6.8% of the variance in the β-diversity of the coalesced communities, respectively. Coalescence events impacted up to 35% of the dominant Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs) in the native community, with a predominance of negative effects. Our results also revealed that community density had the greatest explanatory power for the variance in the relative abundance of the OTUs negatively affected by coalescence events. In particular, all significantly affected OTUs that belonged to the Bacillales exhibited a decrease in relative abundance in several of the coalesced communities, which was related to the density of some members of the α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria in the manipulated community suspensions. Overall, our data suggest that community density and composition were the main properties determining the outcome of coalescence events and that coalescence experiments can offer insights into multi-species interactions in complex environments.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sarah Huet) 02 May 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05053988v1
